What Is CNC Laser Cutting?

Precision and efficiency are paramount when it comes to manufacturing and fabrication. It is for these reasons that the manufacturing and fabrication industries are always looking for new and innovative ways to create precision products. CNC machining is at the forefront of this innovation, opening up near-limitless potential through computer-automated manufacturing methods. Among various CNC machining techniques, CNC laser cutting stands out for its ability to bring increased accuracy and precision to a wide range of manufacturing projects. In this article, we will delve into CNC laser cutting and how it fits into the world of CNC machining services.

Understanding CNC Machining

CNC laser cutting is a CNC machining technique. To fully understand what it is and its potential, it is essential to first fully understand CNC machining. 

CNC machining is an abbreviation for computer numerical controlled machining. In the CNC machining process, tool actions are automated based on each project’s unique G-code. This differs from traditional machining methods in which a human operator controls the movements and actions of tools. When comparing CNC machining to traditional machining, CNC machining can provide more efficiency, consistency, and allow for more complexity in product designs.

CNC machine laser cutting metal

CNC Laser Cutting 101

CNC laser machining is a specific type of CNC machining that employs a laser beam to cut through materials with extreme precision. The process utilizes a high-power laser to melt, burn, or vaporize material, leaving behind a clean and precise cut. Actions performed by the laser are controlled by the product’s unique G-code, created during the initial design process. 

The Process

  1. Design: A digital design is created using CAD (computer-aided design) software. This design file will dictate the dimensions and contours of the final product. Design for Manufacturing (DFM) services can help you maximize the design process.
  2. Programming: Once the design has been completed, it is converted into a machine-readable format, known as G-code. The G-code programming acts as a road map for the machine to control the laser and other tools. 
  3. Laser Cutting: The laser cutter directs a high-intensity laser beam onto the material, positioned on the cutter’s bed. The heat from the beam melts the material into the programmed path to form the shape of the product. Streams of gas, such as nitrogen and oxygen, are often used to assist in removing molten material and ensure a clean cut. 
  4. Finishing: The final step once the laser cutting is completed is to provide any finishing applications, such as sanding or polishing.

Material Choices

CNC laser cutting is an applicable technique for use across a variety of different CNC-machined materials, including both metals and plastics. 

  • Steel: Steel is relatively easy to machine and laser cut, making it a popular material choice for many industries.
  • Aluminum: Aluminum is another common material choice when it comes to CNC laser cutting metal, as it provides good weldability and solid strength.
  • Titanium: Titanium offers an exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, meaning it is relatively lightweight for the strength it provides.
  • Plastics: Acrylic, polycarbonate, and other plastics are commonly cut with lasers to create precision products.

These are just a few examples of the materials that can be used in CNC laser machining. Choosing the right material is dependent on many factors, including intended use, budget, availability of materials, and more. 

Real-world Applications

The ability to achieve complex and versatile designs makes CNC laser cutting a popular manufacturing technique for various types of industries. Here are a few examples:

  • Manufacturing: CNC laser machining is a common technique used in the manufacturing processes of products in industries including electronics, automotive, and aerospace. >
  • Medical Devices: This machining technique is often the preferred technique for creating medical devices like surgical instruments and implants.
  • Architecture: Many architectural components are made with laser machining.
  • Art: Many artists employ metal CNC laser cutting techniques to create detailed artwork, signage, and other installations.
Close-up of an aerospace engine with turbine pieces

CNC Laser Cutting vs. Other Cutting Techniques

CNC laser machining is one of many techniques used in CNC machining services. Here is how it compares to similar machining techniques:

CNC Milling

CNC milling involves rotating cutting tools that remove material from a solid block. Like CNC laser cutting, CNC milling can create complex shapes and is useful for many different material types. But while they are both versatile techniques, CNC milling often requires more tool changes and setup time when compared to laser cutting.

CNC Waterjet Cutting

CNC waterjet cutting is a process that involves a stream of high-powered water and abrasive material to cut through an object. The waterjet process is able to cut through thicker materials when compared to metals cut by CNC laser cutting. However, lasers provide a cleaner, more precise cut when working with thinner materials.

Plasma Cutting

Plasma cutting uses a high-temperature plasma arc to cut through electrically conductive materials. When compared to CNC laser cutting, plasma cutting can often be completed with a lower budget but lacks the precision that laser techniques provide.

The Case for CNC Laser Cutting

This type of laser cutting represents a significant innovation within the world of machining technology. Its ability to create high-precision cuts to a wide range of materials while producing minimal waste has made it an invaluable technique within modern manufacturing. Whether for creating complex industrial components or intricate artistic designs, it offers a level of precision that other techniques struggle to match.
Schantz Machine & Fabrication stands at the forefront of the CNC machining industry, embracing innovative techniques like CNC laser cutting to create the ultimate products for our customers. Contact our team to learn more about our CNC laser machining services and how to get a quote on your next fabrication project.

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